Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

🚨 Symptoms

Chronic cough, sputum production, shortness of breath (exertion then rest), wheezing, chest tightness, frequent infections, fatigue

🔍 Causes

Smoking (90%), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, air pollution, occupational dusts/chemicals, biomass fuel exposure

💊 Treatment

Smoking cessation (essential), bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, vaccinations, lung volume reduction surgery

📝 Nursing Care

Teach breathing techniques (pursed-lip breathing), monitor oxygen saturation, educate on inhaler use, smoking cessation support, monitor for exacerbations

Source: NHS Scotland. For educational purposes only.