← Back to A-Z Conditions
Diabetes Mellitus
🚨 Symptoms
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, recurrent infections, weight loss (Type 1)
🔍 Causes
Type 1: autoimmune destruction of beta cells; Type 2: insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency; genetic and environmental factors
💊 Treatment
Type 1: insulin therapy; Type 2: oral hypoglycemics (metformin, sulfonylureas), incretin-based therapies, insulin; dietary management; exercise
📝 Nursing Care
Monitor blood glucose, teach self-monitoring, educate on medication administration, foot care, sick day rules, signs of hypo/hyperglycemia
Source: NHS Scotland. For educational purposes only.