Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)

🚨 Symptoms

Severe flank pain radiating to groin (renal colic), hematuria, nausea/vomiting, frequency, dysuria, fever if infected

🔍 Causes

Dehydration, high calcium/oxalate diet, hyperparathyroidism, gout, family history, obesity, certain medications

💊 Treatment

Pain management, increased fluids, medical expulsive therapy (alpha-blockers), lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, dietary modifications

📝 Nursing Care

Pain assessment and management, strain urine for stones, encourage fluids, administer medications, educate on prevention (diet, hydration)

Source: NHS Scotland. For educational purposes only.