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Placental Abruption (Abruptio Placentae)

🚨 Symptoms

Sudden onset abdominal pain (may be severe), dark red vaginal bleeding (may be concealed), uterine tenderness, frequent contractions, fetal distress, back pain

🔍 Causes

Premature separation of normally implanted placenta before delivery; risk factors: hypertension/preeclampsia, trauma (e.g., car accident, domestic violence), smoking, cocaine use, previous abruption, thrombophilia, advanced maternal age, multiple pregnancy

💊 Treatment

Immediate delivery (vaginal if possible, caesarean if fetal distress or maternal instability), blood transfusion, monitoring for complications (DIC, renal failure, postpartum hemorrhage)

📝 Nursing Care

Monitor bleeding, vital signs, fetal heart rate; assess pain level; prepare for emergency delivery; monitor for signs of shock; administer IV fluids and blood products; monitor coagulation status (DIC); provide emotional support

Source: NHS Scotland. For educational purposes only.