Urinary Incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine; stress incontinence (with coughing, sneezing, exercise); urge incontinence (sudden intense urge); mixed

Weak pelvic floor muscles (childbirth, aging), overactive bladder, nerve damage, medications, UTIs, obesity

Pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, medications (anticholinergics), pessaries, surgery (sling, colposuspension), lifestyle modifications

Teach pelvic floor exercises, bladder training; educate on fluid management; provide skin care; assist with containment products; emotional support

Source: NHS Scotland. For educational purposes only.